What Is A Trigger Point.
A trigger point is highly irritable spot within a tight band of skeletal muscle or fascia (connective tissue) that is painful on compression. It may also cause referred pain or “motor dysfunction”.
What Is The Mechanism Behind Trigger Points.
Trigger points are the product of an excessive release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, resulting in sustained muscle contractions. These muscle contractions compress the blood vessels, resulting in reduced blood flow, and blocking the supply of nutrients and removal of waste products.
This increases the release of inflammatory chemicals which cause sensitivity and pain in the muscle.
Biochemical Changes (Elevated Inflammatory markers).
Elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as substance P, norepinephrine, and cytokines like IL-6 are some of the chemicals typically found in and around trigger points, indicating systemic inflammation.
Potential Causes Of Tigger Points.
There are many possible contributing factors such as; chronic stress, poor posture, muscle imbalance, poor sleep, poor movement patterns, or systemic inflammatory conditions like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
The Tight Band.
Trigger points are normally associated with a tight, rope like muscle band. This is thought to contribute to pain and restricted movement.
Central Sensitisation.
Trigger points can cause referred pain due to a condition known as central sensitisation, in which the nervous system becomes overly reactive and amplifies pain signals! This causes pain to radiate away from the location of the trigger point.
Best Treatment Approach.
Effective treatment should combine;
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- Active Self Myofascial Release / Soft Tissue Mobilisation (using massage ball, roller, etc.)
- Remedial exercise
- Stress management
- Anti-inflammatory diet
- Cardiovascular exercise.
